My name is Dr Sarah Morgan. I work primarily at the Cambridge Department of Computer Science and Technology, as an Accelerate Science Research Fellow. I am also affiliated to the Cambridge Psychiatry Department, and to The Alan Turing Institute in London, so I can sometimes be found at one of those places!
My research applies machine learning, network science and Natural Language Processing to better understand and predict mental health conditions.
One of my main interests is using brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to study schizophrenia and other mental health conditions. In particular, MRI brain images can be used to investigate brain connectivity, by calculating MRI brain networks where nodes represent large scale brain regions and edges represent connectivity between brain regions. MRI brain networks from patients with schizophrenia often show altered connectivity patterns compared to healthy volunteers. My research explores both whether we can use these connectivity patterns to predict individual patients' disease trajectories, and what they can teach us about the biological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia.
I am also interested in using data science to investigate other aspects of mental health, for example using network science and natural language processing methods to study patients' speech.
There are broadly two types ways my research could be applied in future. The first is that developing a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia (for example from brain MRI) might help lead to new therapeutics. About 20-30% of patients with schizophrenia don’t respond well to current treatments, so new therapeutics could potentially be life changing for those individuals.
The other way in which my research could have real world applications is by identifying signals that can help predict or monitor disease outcome for patients with psychotic disorders. For example, we are currently exploring whether there are signals in speech data that can predict outcome for people who have some early stage symptoms of psychosis. If so, that could help clinicians target treatments better at patients who are likely to have poor disease outcomes.
I saw the Henslow Fellowship advertised by Lucy Cavendish College.
I had been working as a postdoc at the Cambridge Brain Mapping Unit in the Psychiatry Department for about a year when I applied for the Henslow Fellowship. I had lots of ideas about how the research I was doing could be extended (for example by applying a new method that had just been developed in Cambridge to construct structural brain networks for patients with schizophrenia) and I thought a Henslow Fellowship would give me time to do that. I also knew the research community at Lucy Cavendish College is friendly and supportive and I thought my work would fit in well there.
My Henslow fellowship was instrumental in giving me time to develop my expertise in brain imaging and network neuroscience. It also gave me the chance to meet researchers from other disciplines, both at Lucy Cavendish College and at the Philosophical Society. A lot of my research is highly interdisciplinary, pulling together ideas from Computer Science, Physics and Psychiatry, so having those interactions has been extremely helpful in forming new collaborations.
For my work with brain MRI, one of the biggest challenges is that magnetic resonance images only give us approximately millimetre resolution, whereas the biological mechanisms we’re interested in happen at a much smaller scale. We have recently started linking brain MRI data to genetic and genomic data to try to traverse these different scales. This sort of approach is quite new though, and we’re still learning the best ways to go about combining these different data modalities.
For my work with speech data, a key challenge is that there is relatively little data available at the moment. We are collaborating with clinicians who are hoping to start collecting more data soon, which is very exciting!
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Growth during the intrauterine period is a critical determinant of life-long health. During this period the placenta acts as the baby’s life-support system, transferring nutrients and orchestrating maternal adaptations to the pregnancy. But what stimulates formation of the placenta? Development of the human placenta is precocious, and for many years was considered the pinnacle of evolutionary advance amongst mammals by providing early and intimate access to the maternal circulation. Over the last two decades our understanding of the physiology of early pregnancy has undergone radical revision. It is now appreciated that for the first three months the placenta is nourished by the secretory lining of the uterus rather than maternal blood. Furthermore, evidence from domestic species and recently derived human organoid cultures indicates that a signalling dialogue operates between the placenta and the uterus, increasing the release of growth factors and nutrients by the latter. In this way, the placenta stimulates its own development, ready to support the baby. Evidence for this concept will be presented, and the clinical implications discussed.
Mitochondria are sub-microscopic organelles present in every cell. They convert the breakdown products of food into a form of energy the cell needs to function and survive. An unfortunate by-product is the generation of toxic oxygen free radicals that can damage DNA within each mitochondrion. With a limited capacity for repair, these mutations are passed down the maternal line, where they predispose to disease, can shorten our lifespan, and are threatening our own survival. New biological insights have cast light on the mechanisms involved, but is Homo sapiens facing mutational meltdown?