My name is Dr Sarah Morgan. I work primarily at the Cambridge Department of Computer Science and Technology, as an Accelerate Science Research Fellow. I am also affiliated to the Cambridge Psychiatry Department, and to The Alan Turing Institute in London, so I can sometimes be found at one of those places!
My research applies machine learning, network science and Natural Language Processing to better understand and predict mental health conditions.
One of my main interests is using brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to study schizophrenia and other mental health conditions. In particular, MRI brain images can be used to investigate brain connectivity, by calculating MRI brain networks where nodes represent large scale brain regions and edges represent connectivity between brain regions. MRI brain networks from patients with schizophrenia often show altered connectivity patterns compared to healthy volunteers. My research explores both whether we can use these connectivity patterns to predict individual patients' disease trajectories, and what they can teach us about the biological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia.
I am also interested in using data science to investigate other aspects of mental health, for example using network science and natural language processing methods to study patients' speech.
There are broadly two types ways my research could be applied in future. The first is that developing a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia (for example from brain MRI) might help lead to new therapeutics. About 20-30% of patients with schizophrenia don’t respond well to current treatments, so new therapeutics could potentially be life changing for those individuals.
The other way in which my research could have real world applications is by identifying signals that can help predict or monitor disease outcome for patients with psychotic disorders. For example, we are currently exploring whether there are signals in speech data that can predict outcome for people who have some early stage symptoms of psychosis. If so, that could help clinicians target treatments better at patients who are likely to have poor disease outcomes.
I saw the Henslow Fellowship advertised by Lucy Cavendish College.
I had been working as a postdoc at the Cambridge Brain Mapping Unit in the Psychiatry Department for about a year when I applied for the Henslow Fellowship. I had lots of ideas about how the research I was doing could be extended (for example by applying a new method that had just been developed in Cambridge to construct structural brain networks for patients with schizophrenia) and I thought a Henslow Fellowship would give me time to do that. I also knew the research community at Lucy Cavendish College is friendly and supportive and I thought my work would fit in well there.
My Henslow fellowship was instrumental in giving me time to develop my expertise in brain imaging and network neuroscience. It also gave me the chance to meet researchers from other disciplines, both at Lucy Cavendish College and at the Philosophical Society. A lot of my research is highly interdisciplinary, pulling together ideas from Computer Science, Physics and Psychiatry, so having those interactions has been extremely helpful in forming new collaborations.
For my work with brain MRI, one of the biggest challenges is that magnetic resonance images only give us approximately millimetre resolution, whereas the biological mechanisms we’re interested in happen at a much smaller scale. We have recently started linking brain MRI data to genetic and genomic data to try to traverse these different scales. This sort of approach is quite new though, and we’re still learning the best ways to go about combining these different data modalities.
For my work with speech data, a key challenge is that there is relatively little data available at the moment. We are collaborating with clinicians who are hoping to start collecting more data soon, which is very exciting!
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What we call the Milky Way, our Galaxy, has been the focus of myth, story and study in every society with a recorded history for millennia. Understanding its structure defeated Isaac Newton. One hundred years ago it was realized that the Milky Way is just one amongst a Universe of galaxies. With electronics, digital systems, and spacecraft we have learned how to measure the structure and assembly history of the Milky Way Galaxy over its 13 billion year history, even identifying ancient stars from the earliest proto-structures to form. We quantify the formation of the chemical elements over time and their distribution in space. We use dynamics to weigh the unseen. We can calculate the future of the Milky Way until it ends its existence as an isolated Galaxy, merging with Andromeda some 5 billion years from now, and the death of the Sun a few billion years after that. This lecture will tell that story.
Present-day efforts to preserve endangered crop varieties emphasize "safety duplication"—a strategy better known as backup—as an essential step in conservation. Important collections of seeds or other plant genetic materials are copied, in whole or part, and sent to physically distant sites to provide security in the case of local disaster. This talk traces the history of seed banking to understand how, why and with what consequences copying collections came to occupy this central place. The intertwined histories of the central long-term seed storage facility of the United States (opened in 1958) and the international seed conservation system developed in the 1970s reveal how changing conceptions of security, linked to changing economic, political and technological circumstances, transformed both the guiding metaphors and the practices of seed conservation. Seed banking gave way to seed backup: whereas early long-term cold storage facilities vested security in robust infrastructures and the capacities of professional staff, between the 1960s and 1990s, this configuration gave way to one in which security was situated in copies rather than capacities. This history ultimately raises questions about the security promised and achieved through present-day infrastructures for crop genetic resources conservation.