Maria is a PhD student at Anglia Ruskin University. She has previously completed her MSc in Ecology at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, where she specialised in anatomy, physiology, and behaviour of animals. Prior to beginning her doctoral studies, she worked as an educator at the National Aquarium of Denmark and spent time hiking through New Zealand engaging her passion for nature.
Her PhD project focuses on the evolution of the mammalian larynx. Maria will initially collect new data using micro-CT imaging of mammalian larynges from the Harrison’s collection at ARU and generate 3D models of the larynges from three highly diverse mammalian orders. These models, combined with existing data from international collaborators, will form the most comprehensive dataset on mammalian laryngeal anatomy to date. This dataset will serve as the foundation for an anatomical comparative study across mammalian orders. Morphological differences will be analysed using geometric morphometrics, and phylogenetic comparative methods will be used to investigate any tendencies behind the evolution of the mammalian larynx. The project will then establish which evolutionary processes and selection pressures that may have shaped the mammalian larynx based on the adaptive ecological and behavioural traits of the individual animal groups. These findings will offer important insights into the evolution of the mammalian larynx.
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Volcanoes are hazardous and beautiful manifestations of the dynamic processes that have shaped our planet. Volcanoes impact our environment in numerous ways. Over geological time volcanic activity has resurfaced the Earth and provided life with a terrestrial substrate upon which to proliferate. Volcanic degassing has shaped our secondary atmosphere and as part of the process of plate tectonics, maintained just the right amount of water and carbon dioxide at the surface to produce a stable and equitable climate. Magma in the subsurface in volcanic environments today gives Society geothermal energy. The fluids degassed from magmas in the plumbing systems of volcanoes give rise to hydrothermal ore deposits, the source of much of our copper and other metals, critical to the energy transition. In this lecture I will describe the nature and importance of magma degassing for our atmosphere and oceans, as a source of both pollutants and nutrients, and in the formation of mineral deposits. I will describe my own research in carrying out measurements of volcanic gases (using a range of spectroscopic methods, from the ground and using drones), and analysis of erupted lavas, to understand the chemistry and physics of volcanic outgassing and its role in sustaining our planetary environment.
One of the many outstanding achievements of G I Taylor was the discovery of relatively simple statistical laws that apply to highly complex turbulent flows. The emergence of simple laws from complexity is well known in other branches of physics, for example the emergence of the laws of heat conduction from molecular dynamics. Complexity can also arise at large scales, and the structural vibration of an aircraft or a car can be a surprisingly difficult phenomenon to analyse, partly because millions of degrees of freedom may be involved, and partly because the vibration can be extremely sensitive to small changes or imperfections in the system. In this talk it is shown that the prediction of vibration levels can be much simplified by the derivation and exploitation of emergent laws, analogous to some extent to the heat conduction equations, but with an added statistical aspect, as in turbulent flow. The emergent laws are discussed and their application to the design of aerospace, marine, and automotive structures is described. As an aside it will be shown that the same emergent theory can be applied to a range of problems involving electromagnetic fields.
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